Table 9 Estimation results for the robustness check.

From: The rationality of the punishment ladder: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Variable

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Term of imprisonment

Number of fines imposed

Whether the number of pieces of information is more than 50,000

9.418***

 

−10.53

 

(1.834)

 

(32.380)

 

Particularly serious circumstances

 

14.66***

 

49.16

 

(1.688)

 

(34.020)

Amount of profit

0.698**

0.461*

4.658

4.384

(0.295)

(0.256)

(5.217)

(5.168)

Control variable

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Province fixed effects

No

Yes

No

Yes

Year fixed effects

No

Yes

No

Yes

Constant term

−45.74

−20.75

−4490.0**

−4816.8***

(104.300)

(89.680)

(1842.400)

(1807.600)

Observations

472

472

472

472

R2

0.462

0.171

0.634

0.184

  1. The control variables in this table include tribunal size, principal criminal, accessary criminal, first offender, surrender, admittance of guilt and acceptance of punishment, presence of a defender, gender, educational attainment, unemployed status, the logarithm of per-capita GDP and the logarithm of R&D expenditure per province. The values shown in parentheses are robust standard errors of the estimates, *, **, and *** indicate 10%, 5%, and 1% significance levels, respectively.
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