Fig. 1: Research framework and analysis methods. | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Fig. 1: Research framework and analysis methods.

From: Post-pandemic job market: an analysis of factors influencing university students’ willingness for flexible employment based on SEM-ANN-fsQCA

Fig. 1

Step one (PLS-SEM) models the linear relationships among exogenous variables ([IM], [EM], [WLB], [JS], and [SDP]) and the endogenous variable ([EI]). Step two (ANN) explores nonlinear relationships using a neural network structure with 5 input nodes (representing the exogenous variables), 4 hidden layer nodes (optimized through tuning), and 1 output node (predicting EI). The different structures reflect the complementary methodologies: PLS-SEM focuses on path coefficients to validate linear effects, while ANN identifies variable importance in non-linear contexts.

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