Table 1 Attitudes and experiences of participants regarding hype.

1. Who hypes science?

 1.1. Scientists recognize that they employ hype.

 1.2. Major corporations are also responsible for hype

 1.3. Marketing and PR departments of research institutions often use misleading or inappropriate hype.

 1.4. Journalists and media must be blamed.

 1.5. Privileged and powerful individuals, mostly men, use hype.

 1.6. Scientists from certain countries tend to hype more.

 1.7. Pseudoscientific hype.

2. What drives the occurrence of hype?

 2.1. Obtaining funding for scientific research.

 2.2. Academic funding system.

 2.3. A profit-driven perspective on science with a commercial focus.

 2.4. Thriving in the fiercely competitive world of modern science.

 2.5. Rivalry between corporations and nations.

 2.6. Shaping expectations regarding scientific outcomes.

3. Personal experience with hype.

 3.1. I have enhanced abstracts and content with hype

 3.2. I have used hype in applications for research funding and grants.

 3.3. I have used hype in corporate events and conferences.

 3.4. I have used hype when engaging with individuals outside of their field.

 3.5. I have navigated a wave of hype.

 3.6. I have used hype when disseminating my research on social media.

4. Consequences of hype

 4.1. The risk of funding being withdrawn due to unmet promises.

 4.2. Research field stagnation.

 4.3. Damage to the scientific institution’s reputation.

 4.4. Research concentrated on areas with significant hype.

 4.5. Eroded trust in science.

 4.6. Misleading stakeholders into believing that certain achievements are feasible.

 4.7. Rise of science deniers and skeptics who view science as unattainable.

 4.8. Emergence of pseudoscience.

 4.9. A positive outcome: sparking public interest and attracting investments.

5. Are there victims of hype?

 5.1. Scientists’ careers.

 5.2. People with limited scientific understanding.

 5.3. Investors.

 5.4. Degree-seeking students.

 5.5. Decision-makers shaping the research and funding landscape.