Table 2 Cross-linguistic and cross-cultural statistics for IM.

From: Temporal-spatial interplay in metadiscourse: mapping organizational patterns in research article rhetoric

  

S1

vs.

S2

vs.

S3

  

raw no.

1t

p-value

raw no.

1t

p-value

raw no.

1t

Main-types

sub-types

Transitions

additives

2758

4.461

<0.001

5561

10.803

<0.001

7865

11.514

contrastives

1962

3.174

<0.001

2512

4.880

<0.001

3944

5.774

consequentials

2548

4.121

<0.001

4129

8.021

<0.001

6527

9.556

total

7268

11.756

<0.001

12,202

23.705

<0.001

18,336

26.844

Code glosses

reformulations

3613

5.844

<0.001

5987

11.631

<0.001

8477

12.410

exemplifications

321

0.519

<0.001

1028

1.997

0.008

1219

1.785

total

3934

6.363

<0.001

7015

13.628

0.009

9696

14.195

Frame markers

sequencers

601

0.972

<0.001

790

1.535

0.152

979

1.433

stage labels

72

0.116

<0.001

169

0.328

<0.001

330

0.483

goal announcers

16

0.026

<0.001

41

0.080

0.003

26

0.038

topicalisers

695

1.124

<0.001

738

1.434

0.032

880

1.288

total

1384

2.239

<0.001

1738

3.376

0.207

2215

3.243

Endophorics

reviewings

431

0.697

<0.001

474

0.921

<0.001

497

0.728

previewings

439

0.710

<0.001

647

1.257

0.005

737

1.079

visuals

2776

4.490

<0.001

4892

9.504

0.014

6797

9.951

total

3646

5.897

<0.001

6013

11.682

0.703

8031

11.757

Evidentials

integrals

679

1.098

<0.001

1031

2.003

<0.001

1022

1.496

non-integrals

1281

2.072

<0.001

2311

4.490

<0.001

2162

3.165

total

1960

3.170

<0.001

3342

6.493

<0.001

3184

4.661

TOTAL

18,192

29.426

<0.001

30310

58.884

<0.001

41462

60.701

  1. Data in the table include actual counts (raw no.) and normalized frequency per 1000 words (1t).
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