Table 5 The ESV influencing factors.

From: Spatiotemporal differentiation and trade-off/synergy relationships of ecosystem service values in a national park pilot area in China

Primary indicator

Secondary indicators

Unit

CODE

Reason for selection

Economic factor

Per capita GDP

CNY

EF-1

Measure regional economic prosperity and living standards

Output value of primary industry

10 K CNY

EF-2

Measure the level of regional agricultural development

Output value of secondary industry

10 K CNY

EF-3

Measure the development level of the regional manufacturing, power, and construction industries

Output value of tertiary industry

10 K CNY

EF-4

Measure the development level of the regional service industry

Output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery

10 K CNY

EF-5

Reflect the total scale and achievements of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production during a certain period

Gross agricultural output value

10 K CNY

EF-6

Reflect the total scale and achievements of agricultural production

Total fiscal revenue

10 K CNY

EF-7

Characterize available funds from both central and local governments

General public budget expenditure

10 K CNY

EF-8

Characterize the reuse of fiscal funds

Production factor

Grain output

ton

PF-1

Measure the quantity of grain within the region

Tea yield

ton

PF-2

Measure the quantity of tea leaves within the region

Cultivated area

m2

PF-3

Characterize the land area within the region where crops are mainly grown

Crop sown area

m2

PF-4

Characterize the actual area of planted or transplanted crops

Demo-graphic factor

Total population

population

DF-1

Characterize the overall population within the region

Rural population

population

DF-2

Characterize the population residing in rural areas within the designated region

Birth population

population

DF-3

Characterize the number of births during a specific period within a region

Birth rate

DF-4

Reflect the birth level of the population during a certain period

Social factor

Farmers’ net income

CNY

SF-1

Reflect the average income level of rural residents in the region

(rural residents) Engel coefficient

%

SF-2

Represent the proportion of food expenditure to total consumption expenditure in rural households, thus reflecting the poverty level of rural households

Per capita housing area of farmers

m2

SF-3

Measure the living conditions of farmers within the region