Fig. 5: The impact of Arctic coastal government punitive policies on the evolutionary strategies of the parties.

a The impact of Arctic coastal government punishment policies (Fp =0.2, Fp =0.6, Fp =1.0, Fp =1.4, Fp =1.8, Fp =2.2) on the evolution process; b the impact of Arctic coastal government punishment policies on the probability of x making a decision over time; c the impact of government punishment policies on the probability of y making a decision over time; d the impact of Arctic coastal government punishment policies on the probability of z making a decision over time.