Table 11 Comparison of international policy cases.
Country/region | Digital economy strategy | Green policy focus | NAE outcomes | Key challenge | Policy implication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States (Silicon Valley–Detroit AI + Auto Integration) | E-commerce and gig economy absorbing low-skilled labor | Tax incentives for private sector green investment | 228,000 new non-agricultural jobs in 2025 | Skills gap due to shortage of high-skilled positions | Transform non-degree training outcomes into promotion credentials |
China (“Photovoltaic + Agriculture” County Model) | County-level digital infrastructure rollout; 3 million grassroots tech jobs created | Large-scale renewable energy investment + employment-support workshops | Urban NAE share projected to reach 75% in 2025 | High local industrial concentration; regional imbalance persists | Establish interregional training centers to improve spatial equity |
France (“France 2030” Plan) | High value-added digital economy | Green transition of SMEs | Hydrogen industry chain drives 15% growth in regional NAE | SMEs delay automation due to high costs | Promote EU-wide standardized digital job statistics |
India (Rural Employment Guarantee Program) | Digital economy expansion (outsourcing, e-commerce) | Green jobs concentrated in tech-intensive sectors | Solar capacity created 350,000 direct jobs in 2024, but gig economy still dominates | Lack of social protection in gig economy | Mandate platform companies to contribute unemployment insurance for informal workers |
