Table 3 Outcomes and correlates from training researchers to engage in policy.

Training researchers to engage in policy

Alberts et al. (2018)^a

Government policy processes; Participant behavior, attitudes, and beliefs

(1) Policymaker valuation of fellow; (2) Policymaker behavioral outcomes; (3) Fellow self-valuation; (4) Career outcomes

Crowley, Scott, Long, Green, Giray et al. (2021)^a

Participant behavior, attitudes, and beliefs

(1) Attitudes about policy engagement (pro/con); (2) Types of evidence use

Crowley, Scott, Long, Green, Israel et al. (2021)^a

Participant behavior, attitudes, and beliefs; Participant knowledge; Government policy processes

(1) Types of evidence use; (2) Attitudes about types of evidence use; (3) Relevant law and legal requirements; (4) Attitudes about policymaker research use; (5) Policy engagement behavior; (6) Attitudes about policy engagement (pro/con)

Long et al. (2021)

Government policy processes

(1) Policymaker use of evidence; (2) Policymaker valuation of research; (3) Policymaker interactions with researchers; (4) Policymaker information sources

Scott et al. (2019)^a

Participant knowledge; Participant skills; Participant behavior, attitudes, and beliefs

(1) Policy processes; (2) Using and conducting research; (3) Policy analysis; (4) Relationship building; (5) Communication skills; (6) Types of evidence use; (7) Audience information; (8) Scientists’ roles in policy

Singh et al. (2014)^a

Participant behavior, attitudes, and beliefs

(1) Self-efficacy; (2) Perceptions of public understanding of science; (3) Time; (4) Social norms; (5) Outcome expectations; (6) Positivism; (7) Scientists’ roles in policy

Rocha (2000)^a

Participant behavior, attitudes, and beliefs

(1) Policy engagement attitudes; (2) Self-efficacy; (3) Policy engagement behavior