Table 1 Differences among ESP, EMI, CLIL and DE.

From: Disciplinary English reform and practices of undergraduate program in response to cultivation of interdisciplinary elites in China

aspect

approach

ESP

EMI

CLIL

DE

role of English

second or foreign language

lingua franca

one of foreign languages

world Englishes

status of language

an end

a medium

a mean & a part of process

an end & a process

research objective

language

discipline

language and discipline

closer to content

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