Table 3 Panel results.

From: Central transfers and incentives to collect local revenue among the Central Region of Ghana’s local government officials: analysing the flypaper effect

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Variables

Pooled OLS

Fixed-effects model

Random-effects model

Cotransfers

0.471***

0.434***

0.393***

0.354***

0.467***

0.414***

(0.048)

(0.061)

(0.058)

(0.073)

(0.048)

(0.063)

Logownrev

0.306***

0.210***

0.294***

0.220***

0.322***

0.216***

(0.042)

(0.050)

(0.056)

(0.071)

(0.043)

(0.054)

Logpop

−0.054

−0.079

1.804**

1.001

−0.021

−0.066

(0.152)

(0.146)

(0.755)

(0.866)

(0.182)

(0.179)

Distance

−0.001

−0.001

  

−0.000

−0.001

(0.001)

(0.001)

  

(0.001)

(0.001)

2013. year

 

−0.210

 

−0.212

 

−0.206

 

(0.166)

 

(0.164)

 

(0.161)

2014. year

 

0.111

 

0.095

 

0.118

 

(0.168)

 

(0.170)

 

(0.164)

2015. year

 

0.302*

 

0.263

 

0.308*

 

(0.173)

 

(0.182)

 

(0.169)

2016. year

 

0.428**

 

0.246

 

0.399**

 

(0.202)

 

(0.235)

 

(0.202)

2017. year

 

0.137

 

0.050

 

0.141

 

(0.174)

 

(0.196)

 

(0.171)

2018. year

 

0.340*

 

0.287

 

0.356*

 

(0.190)

 

(0.222)

 

(0.189)

2019. year

 

0.385**

 

0.319

 

0.402**

 

(0.195)

 

(0.234)

 

(0.195)

Constant

4.705**

6.579***

−15.976*

−5.145

4.163*

6.625***

(1.908)

(1.979)

(8.127)

(9.898)

(2.211)

(2.332)

Observations

136

136

136

136

136

136

R-squared

0.507

0.573

0.519

0.566

  

Number of groups with ID

  

17

17

17

17

  1. Standard errors in parentheses.
  2. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.
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