Correction to: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications; https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03983-6, published online 02 November 2024

In this article, the labels in Figure 2 were incorrectly given as ‘Repeated Studying – No Feedback’, ‘Repeated Studying – Immediate Feedback’, and ‘Repeated Studying – Delayed Feedback’. These should have read ‘Repeated Testing – No Feedback’, ‘Repeated Testing – Immediate Feedback’, and ‘Repeated Testing – Delayed Feedback’, respectively. The original article has been corrected.