Table 11 Causality test (Hurlin and Dumitrescu).
Ho | Wald - Stats | Z-Stats | p-values |
---|---|---|---|
B P Ï• FT | 2.749b | 2.152 | 0.031 |
FT Ï• BP | 4.461a | 7.068 | 0.000 |
B P Ï• EG | 2.092a | 4.434 | 0.000 |
EG Ï• BP | 3.134a | 3.258 | 0.001 |
B P Ï• FTEG | 2.776b | 2.229 | 0.026 |
FTEG Ï• B P | 2.021a | 4.149 | 0.000 |
B P Ï• CAD | 3.509a | 10.193 | 0.000 |
CAD Ï• B P | 2.747b | 2.147 | 0.032 |
B P Ï• ING | 4.068a | 5.939 | 0.000 |
ING Ï• BP | 1.825a | 3.351 | 0.001 |
B P Ï• GDP | 6.312a | 12.386 | 0.000 |
GDP Ï• B P | 1.855a | 3.474 | 0.001 |