Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables.
Variables | Meaning | Measurements | Mean | sd | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EE | Energy Efficiency | Ratio of regional GNP to regional total energy consumption | 1.74 | 0.93 | 0.43 | 6.03 |
OIS | Industrial structure upgrading | Combined use of regional factor productivity, as detailed in equation (5) | 3.02 | 0.64 | 1.78 | 5.48 |
DFL | Digital Finance | Lagging term of the Digital Inclusion Index | 243.93 | 107.64 | 18.33 | 460.69 |
IVA | Industrial value added | Ratio of current year’s industrial output to last year’s industrial output minus 1 | 0.07 | 0.10 | −0.36 | 0.46 |
MI | Level of Marketization | China Marketization Index | 8.15 | 1.95 | 3.36 | 12.86 |
RII | Regional industrial density | Ratio of regional gross industrial output to regional GNP | 0.43 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.59 |
PC | Population density | Ratio of the number of resident population to the administrative area of the region at the end of the year | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.40 |
RI | Regional Innovation Level | Number of patent applications per 10,000 people in the region | 22.42 | 23.87 | 1.29 | 140.63 |
LFI | Foreign investment level | Ratio of regional foreign direct investment to regional GNP | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.12 |
