Fig. 1: Theoretical framework.

The figure shows the study variables, the study hypotheses and the relationships between the variables. a shows the hypothesis of the ETS policy on the dual control for carbon emissions; b shows the hypothesis of the TGC and the GPT policies on the renewable energy development; c shows the hypothesis of the synergy of the ETS, TGC, and GPT policies on the dual control for carbon emissions and the renewable energy development; d shows the hypothesis of the ETS, TGC, and GPT policies on the dual control for energy consumption. Source: Decarbonisation policies synergy pathway innovation: Achieving dual carbon goals.