Table 1 Descriptive statistics of each variable.

From: Synergy pathway innovation of carbon emission trading, tradable green certificate and green power trading policies: achieving China’s dual carbon goals

Variable name

Mean value

Standard deviation

Minimum value

Maximum value

Sample size

lnCEa

Overall

5.5940

0.8191

3.4670

7.8617

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.7982

3.9007

7.2930

N = 30

Within group

 

0.2315

4.3108

6.1627

T = 14

lnCIa

Overall

0.3843

0.8846

−2.2517

2.5054

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.8247

−1.3953

2.3069

N = 30

Within group

 

0.3516

−1.2360

1.3089

T = 14

lnCEb

Overall

4.8124

0.8789

2.2824

6.6195

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.8663

2.6777

6.1971

N = 30

Within group

 

0.2129

3.7836

5.6920

T = 14

lnCIb

Overall

−0.3973

0.7616

−2.2975

1.6846

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.7383

−1.8977

1.4822

N = 30

Within group

 

0.2277

−1.1067

0.5437

T = 14

lnREG

Overall

4.4295

1.3559

2.3026

8.1804

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.8709

2.7818

6.3773

N = 30

Within group

 

1.0504

2.0467

8.1370

T = 14

lnPREG

Overall

2.7635

0.3998

2.3026

4.7598

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.2471

2.4269

3.2459

N = 30

Within group

 

0.3173

1.8683

4.8336

T = 14

GTFP

Overall

1.0273

0.1959

0.6001

1.6756

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.1705

0.6227

1.3216

N = 30

Within group

 

0.1012

0.7325

1.4612

T = 14

lnFFC

Overall

9.3121

0.6599

7.0897

10.6318

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.6590

7.4380

10.4688

N = 30

Within group

 

0.1213

8.7432

9.7366

T = 14

FFCI

Overall

0.6917

0.3863

0.1826

1.8959

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.3603

0.2826

1.7631

N = 30

Within group

 

0.1530

0.2607

1.2890

T = 14

lnUR

Overall

4.0738

0.2028

3.5208

4.4954

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.1807

3.7958

4.4912

N = 30

Within group

 

0.0974

3.7886

4.2921

T = 14

lnRD

Overall

9.1298

1.6588

4.0604

13.4023

N = 420

Between groups

 

1.3979

5.9537

12.2616

N = 30

Within group

 

0.9263

6.5694

10.6609

T = 14

lnIS

Overall

3.7170

0.2487

2.7022

4.0783

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.2146

2.9513

3.8948

N = 30

Within group

 

0.1312

3.3070

4.1586

T = 14

lnPS

Overall

8.2059

0.7375

6.3327

9.4498

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.7480

6.3763

9.3375

N = 30

Within group

 

0.0421

8.0448

8.3327

T = 14

lnPD

Overall

5.4636

1.2857

2.0543

8.2818

N = 420

Between groups

 

1.3056

2.0865

8.2645

N = 30

Within group

 

0.0345

5.3371

5.5771

T = 14

lnPGDP

Overall

10.8567

0.4968

9.4636

12.2075

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.3834

10.2684

11.7704

N = 30

Within group

 

0.3231

9.9732

11.4192

T = 14

FS

Overall

.0071

0.0065

0.0001

0.0460

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.0060

0.0002

0.0322

N = 30

Within group

 

0.0026

−0.0044

0.0209

T = 14

AIS

Overall

1.3498

0.7537

0.5271

5.6898

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.7130

0.8787

4.6178

N = 30

Within group

 

0.2745

0.3223

2.4218

T = 14

HIS

Overall

2.3945

0.1263

2.1330

2.8440

N = 420

Between groups

 

0.1155

2.2155

2.8110

N = 30

Within group

 

0.0550

2.2547

2.5126

T = 14

AVETEM

Overall

14.1826

5.5716

0.5386

25.8390

N = 420

Between groups

 

5.2306

3.5286

24.7374

N = 30

Within group

 

2.1291

11.1157

31.9015

T = 14

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