Table 2 Description of the included studies according to type of design, key actor (Tourist, Resident, Worker, Government) and methodological quality.

Qualitative (10)

Case study

1

7

2

0

1

Appropriate Approach

10

Ethnography

2

Adequate Methods

10

Grounded theory

3

Data-Derived Findings

10

Narrative analysis

3

Substantiated Interpretation

10

Thematic analysis

1

Data Coherence

10

Non-randomized (23)

Cohort study

6

10

6

0

7

Representative Participants

18

4

Other (Cross-lagged panel analysis, coordination analysis, spatial analysis)

3

Appropriate Measurements

23

Cross-sectional analytic study

5

Complete Outcome Data

22

1

Before and after study time series

6

Confounders Accounted

13

10

Confirmatory Quantitative Design

3

Intended Intervention

9

14

Quantitative descriptive (36)

Survey (SEM, PLS-SEM)

35

27

6

3

0

Relevant Sampling

34

2

Factor analysis

1

Representative Sample

26

10

Appropriate Measurements

36

Low Nonresponse Bias

27

5

4

Appropriate Analysis

36

Mixed methods (6)

Convergent design

3

3

2

1

0

Mixed Methods Rationale

6

Sequential explanatory

1

Effective Integration

6

Sequential exploratory

2

Interpreted Outputs

6

Addressed Divergences

6

Adherence to Quality

6

Theoretical articles (12)

12

3

3

0

6

Theoretical Connection

12

Consistent Argumentation

12

Novel Concepts

11

1

Conceptual Clarity

12

Potential Impact

11

1

Literature reviews (2)

2

1

0

0

1

Clear Purpose

2

Explicit Criteria

2

Coherent Synthesis

2

Consistent Conclusions

2

Identified Gaps

2