Table 3 How translation test is related to ZPD (1979).

From: Integrating scientific rigor and practicality: developing a translation test to screen translation undergraduates’ ability in a public university in China

No.

ZPD (core concepts)

Applications in translation test

1

Potential development of learners’ abilities

• Hierarchical task design: Basic Level, Intermediate

Level and Advanced Level.

The tasks progress from basic to advanced levels, with difficulty increasing step by step. This gradual progression helps identify learners’ ZPD, offering a foundation for personalized instruction.

2

Observe students’ growth during the “process of development”

• Assessment for learning

Designed for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4 translation undergraduates, the test allows for tracking students’ development over time.

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