Fig. 3: Simulated changes in AODs and aerosol ERF between 2006 and 2014.

a, b Changes in annual mean AODs at 550 nm using a CEDS and b PKU inventories (units: dimensionless). The stippled represent changes that are significant at 90% confidence level using the t test. c, d Seasonal and annual mean anthropogenic aerosol ERFs at the TOA averaged over c India and d EC (units: W m°). MAM, JJA, SON, DJF, and ANN are March to May, June to August, September to November, December to February, and annual means, respectively.