Fig. 6: Ice-nucleating particle surface area variability when using size-selected aerosol.
A total of 5 × 104 particles were sampled. The expected frequency distribution is given by squares connected by dashed lines. The total particle surface area present is 1 × 10−4 and 2 × 10−4 cm2 when assuming a monopolar (gray bar) and bipolar charge distribution, respectively. The size-discriminated frozen fraction was determined from the modeled frozen fraction of 0.3 with a heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient, Jhet = 1 × 107 cm−2 s−1. The analysis applies an ice nucleation activation time of 10 s.
