Fig. 6: El Niño and monsoon extremes in CESM-LENS.
From: Future exacerbation of hot and dry summer monsoon extremes in India
a, b Composite SST anomalies for hot and dry monsoon seasons during 1971–2000 and 2071–2100 from all ensemble members of CESM-LENS. The criteria for our choice of hot and dry extremes is a JJAS temperature anomaly greater than 1 °C and SPEI with values less than −1. c Change in the frequency of El-Nino (for the Niño 3.4 region; values greater than 0.5 °C) estimated from the ensemble mean of CESM-LENS using a 30-year moving-mean starting from 1971 with shaded regions indicating inter-member variability across all ensemble members. d Fraction of hot and dry monsoon extremes over India associated with El Niño (Niño3.4) during 1971–2000 and 2071–2100.
