Table 1 Data sets used in this study.

From: Soil moisture signature in global weather balloon soundings

Data set

Version

Variable(s)

Original spatial res.

Temp. res.

Source

Reference

ESA CCI

04.4

Surface soil moisture

0.5° × 0.5°

Daily

Satellite observations

Dorigo et al.41, Gruber et al.58, and Liu et al.59

GLEAM

3.4

Surface soil moisture, sensible- and latent heat flux

0.5° × 0.5°

Daily

Land model constrained by satellite observations

Martens et al.56

ERA5

–

Soil moisture (layers 1–3), sensible- and latent heat flux, 2-m temperature

0.1° × 0.1°

Daily

Reanalysis model

Copernicus Climate Change Service60

FLUXCOM (RS)

2

Sensible- and latent heat flux

0.1° × 0.1°

8-daily

Multiple datastreams processed with machine learning, using eddy covariance-derived fluxes as target

Jung et al.61

  1. All soil moisture data sets are used to infer the relation between soil moisture and energy flux partitioning in Fig. 3 and Supplementary Figs. 1–4. Energy fluxes from gridded data sets are used to validate the CLASS4GL estimated energy fluxes in Fig. 2.
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