Fig. 2: The three largest pyroCb smoke plumes observed in the stratosphere to date.

Each true color image is based on the GeoColor Algorithm (used with permission from the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere) near local sunrise within 48–72 h of: a ANYSO phase one, b ANYSO phase two, and c the 2017 Pacific Northwest Event (PNE). The ANYSO images are from GOES-17. The PNE image (GOES-16) is adapted from our previous study2.