Fig. 4: Timeline of 18 pyroCb sub-events observed during ANYSO. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 4: Timeline of 18 pyroCb sub-events observed during ANYSO.

From: Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events

Fig. 4

Bars indicate 38 individual pyroCb pulses that injected smoke particles into the UTLS. Each bar includes all 10-min intervals that coincide with AHI BT11 values below −35 °C (pyroCb threshold) near each contributing blow-up (displayed in Fig. 1). Shading indicates the maximum radar echo-top altitude of each pulse relative to the tropopause altitude (13.5 km for phase one and 15.0 km for phase two), identifying the 20 pulses that injected smoke directly into lower stratosphere. PyroCb sub-events responsible for the largest stratospheric smoke injections are highlighted with red boxes. Inset picture shows an example pyroCb pulse in its developing stages (taken during the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment - Air Quality (FIREX-AQ)69, D. Peterson).

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