Fig. 2: Observed impact of MJO on TCs.
From: An oceanic pathway for Madden–Julian Oscillation influence on Maritime Continent Tropical Cyclones
a Probability distribution functions (PDFs) of pre-storm SSTs (°C). b Enthalpy fluxes under TCs at the air–sea interface (W m−2). c TC intensification rates (m s−1 6-hr−1. The PDFs in blue (denoted as “MJO”) correspond to those TC track locations that fall within the MJO’s Window of Oceanic Influence (MWOI), and the PDFs in orange (denoted as “No-MJO”) correspond to those that fall outside the MWOI. In each panel, the mean values are shown in the legend and the error bars representing the standard deviation (s.d.), generated based on the Monte Carlo technique (see “Methods”), are indicated. The difference between mean values are statistically significant at the 95% level for each parameter. The analysis is based on NOAA OI SST, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s Objectively Analyzed air–sea Fluxes for the Global Oceans (WHOI OAFlux), and TC best track data.
