Fig. 1: SABB aerosol-induced semi-direct effect and dynamical feedback. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 1: SABB aerosol-induced semi-direct effect and dynamical feedback.

From: West African monsoon precipitation impacted by the South Eastern Atlantic biomass burning aerosol outflow

Fig. 1

a TOA Shortwave semi-direct effect (SDE) induced by SABB aerosol for the period JJAS 2003-2015. The green contours represent the mean JJAS GFED4 biomass-burning emission region for black carbon flux iso-contour levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ng m-2 s-1. Box A represents the region of analysis encompassing continental SABB sources and aerosol outflow to the SEA. Box B represents the region of analysis encompassing the WAM domain and the SEA aerosol outflow. Dotted regions represent areas where SDE significantly differs from DE only. b Zonal cross-section plotted over region A representing the meridional and JJAS 2003-2015 average of SABB aerosol extinction (contours in km-1), circulation anomaly (normalized arrows), and cloud liquid water mixing ratio anomaly. Anomaly calculations are based on the difference between a perturbation run including standard aerosol species and SABB particles, and a control run including standard aerosol species without SABB particles.

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