Fig. 4: Comparison of the observational time series and the model simulations.

a, b The observational SST anomalies in the Niño3 (red) and Niño4 (green) regions, the observed thermocline depth anomaly in the western Pacific region (blue) and the observed ocean zonal current in the CP region (black). c, d Similar to a, b, but for the results from the model. e The time series of the intraseasonal wind bursts τ (cyan) and the decadal index I (purple) from the model.