Table 1 Summary of the non-dimensional units and the model parameters.

From: A multiscale model for El Niño complexity

[h]

150 m

[T]

7.5 °C

[u]

1.5 m/s

[t]

2 months

[τ]

5 m/s

dτ

2

γ

0.75

r

0.25

α1

0.0625

α2

0.125

b0

2.5

μ

0.5

σ

0.2I

λ

0.1

p(I)

0.25 in I (0, 4)

σI(I)

Fig. 7e

βE

0.15(2–0.2I)

βu

−0.2βE

βh

−0.4βE

βC

0.8βE

σu

0.04

σh

0.02

σC

0.04

σE

0

στ(TC, t)

\(0.9[\tan{\it{h}} (7.5{T}_{C})+1]\left[1+0.3\cos \left(\frac{2\pi }{6}t+\frac{2\pi }{6}\right)\right]\)

c1(TC, t)

\(\left[25{\left({T}_{C}+\frac{0.75}{7.5}\right)}^{2}+0.9\right]\left[1+0.3\sin \left(\frac{2\pi }{6}t-\frac{2\pi }{6}\right)\right]\)

c2(t)

\(1.4\left[1+0.2\sin \left(\frac{2\pi }{6}t+\frac{2\pi }{6}\right)+0.15\sin \left(\frac{2\pi }{3}t+\frac{2\pi }{6}\right)\right]\)