Table 2 Comparison of the model results for different situations with the observation on the ENSO complexity.

From: A multiscale model for El Niño complexity

 

El Niño

EP

CP

Extreme

Multi-year

La Niña

Multi-year

Observation (1950–2020)

24

14

10

4

5

24

8

Standard run

23.4 ± 2.9

14.1 ± 3.3

9.3 ± 2.5

4.5 ± 1.8

3.6 ± 1.5

30.3 ± 4.2

7.4 ± 2.4

I ≡ 0

22.9 ± 2.8

16.1 ± 3.1

6.8 ± 2.0

9.3 ± 2.1

2.8 ± 1.9

30.6 ± 3.3

7.1 ± 2.3

I ≡ 4

27.3 ± 4.2

15.7 ± 4.0

11.6 ± 3.4

1.2 ± 1.0

6.3 ± 2.2

27.8 ± 4.7

7.0 ± 2.4

  1. Shown are the numbers of different ENSO events for the model and observation. For the model, the whole 2000 simulation years are divided into 28 segments (each one with the same length as the observation, i.e., 71 years) for calculation. Then the average numbers plus and minus the corresponding standard errors of the 28 segments are shown.
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