Fig. 2: Zonally seasonal mean meridional mass stream function and its changes.

Ensemble and zonal mean JJA (a, c, e, g) and DJF (b, d, f, h) meridional mass stream function (1010 kg s−1) in RCP8.5 averaged over the years 2010–2030 (baseline; a, b), and anomalies in the RCP8.5 (c, d), GLENS (e, f) and GEQ (g, h) averaged over years 2075–2095, relative to the baseline. Warm colors (positive values) indicate a clockwise rotation and cold colors (negative values) indicate an anticlockwise rotation. Contours indicate the value of seasonal averaged meridional mass stream function (1010 kg s−1) in the baseline. Hatched areas are regions where changes are not statistically significant at the 5% level using the Student’s t test.