Table 2 Commonly used indices of climate extremes for temperature and precipitation and their predicted changes in China at GW1.5 and GW2.
From: Recent frontiers of climate changes in East Asia at global warming of 1.5°C and 2°C
Index | Definition | UNIT | GW1.5 | GW2 | Reference period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature extreme indices | |||||
Frost days (FD) | Annual count when TN (daily minimum) <0 °C | day | −7 | −12 | 1986–200525 |
Summer days (SU) | Annual count when TX (daily maximum) >25 °C | day | +10 | +16 | |
Hottest day (TXx) | Monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature | °C | +1 | +1.1 | |
Coldest night (TNn) | Monthly minimum value of daily minimum temperature | °C | +1.6 | +1.8 | |
Cool nights (TN10p) | Percentage of days when TN < 10th percentile | % | −4 | −6.8 | |
Cool days (TX10p) | Percentage of days when TX < 10th percentile | % | −4 | −6.8 | |
Warm nights (TN90p) | Percentage of days when TN > 90th percentile | % | +9.5 | +17.6 | |
Warm days (TX90p) | Percentage of days when TX > 90th percentile | % | +7.5 | +13.8 | |
Warm spell duration indicator (WSDI) | Annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days when TX > 90th percentile | day | +15 | +30 | |
Cold spell duration indicator (CSDI) | Annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days when TN < 10th percentile | day | ~0 | ~0 | |
Precipitation extreme indices | |||||
Max 5-day precipitation (RX5day) | Monthly maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation | mm | +3.98% | +7.63% | 1986–200592 |
Simple daily intensity index (SDII) | Annual total precipitation divided by the number of wet days (defined as PRCP > = 1.0 mm) in the year | mm/day | +7% | +11% | 1986–200591 |
Number of heavy precipitation days (R25mm) | Annual count of days when PRCP > = 25 mm | day | +8.14% (+0.26) | +14.08% (+0.45) | 1971–200094 |
Number of very heavy precipitation days (R50mm) | Annual count of days when PRCP > = 50 mm | day | +25.81% (+0.11) | +39.89% (+0.17) | 1971–200094 |
Consecutive dry days (CDD) | Maximum number of consecutive days with RR < 1 mm | day | −2 | −3.4 | 1985–20053 |
Very wet days precipitation(R95p) | Annual total PRCP when RR > 95th percentile | mm | +19.41% (+30.41) | +34.42% (+42) | 1971–200094 |
Extremely wet days precipitation (R99p) | Annual total PRCP when RR > 99th percentile | mm | +69.14% (+30.51) | +86.89% (+38.34) | 1971–200094 |
Annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT) | Annual total PRCP in wet days (RR > = 1 mm) | mm | +3.89% | +8.23% | 1986–200592 |
