Fig. 8: Long-term change of the DCFP size in future climate projections.

a–c Time series of the area change (unit: 107 km2) of the OWP28 (red lines), DCFPconv (blue lines), DCFPtrop (green lines), and deep convection (P ≥ 10 mm/day, black lines) inside the Indo-Pacific Ocean under the SSP1-2.6 (a), SSP2-4.5 (b), and SSP5-8.5 (c) scenarios, respectively. Shadings denote the uncertainties of model results. Results are based on the five best CMIP6 models. Results show that the model-predicted DCFPconv expansion is much smaller than that of the OWP28 and is more consistent with the change in the deep convection area (see also Table 2).