Table 1 Summary of the simulations analysed in this study.
Simulation name | External forcing | SSTs | Length/period | Ens. size | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPSL SST-restoring | Preindustrial control | Dynamical ocean model with SST-restoring towards fixed anomalies in specified regions. | 10 years | 25 | IPSL-CM6 |
UM SST-restoring | Preindustrial control | Mixed-layer ocean model with SST-restoring towards fixed anomalies in specified regions. | 10 years | 10 | MetUM-GOML |
CMIP6 Historical | Historical forcing | Free-running coupled model simulations. | 1870–2014 | 318 | Various models (CMIP6). |
CMIP6 piControl | Preindustrial control | Free-running coupled model simulations. | 250–1200 years | 16 | Various models (CMIP6). |
Transient pacemaker | Historical forcing | Dynamical ocean model with SST-restoring towards varying (i.e. transient) observed anomalies in specified regions. | 1920–2014 | 10 | IPSL-CM6 |
AMIP-hist | Historical forcing | Atmospheric model simualtions with prescribed observed SSTs. | 1870–2014 | 49 | Various models (CMIP6). |
