Table 1 A summary of variable definitions used in this paper.

From: FuXi: a cascade machine learning forecasting system for 15-day global weather forecast

Variables

Definitions

C, H, W

Channel dimensions, and spatial dimensions in latitude and longitude directions, respectively.

D

A set containing all the forecast initialization times in the testing dataset.

c, i, j, t0, τ

Indices for variables, latitude coordinates, and longitude coordinates, as well as forecast initialization time and forecast lead time steps added to t0, respectively.

\({{{\mbox{X}}}}^{t},{\hat{{{\mbox{X}}}}}^{t},{{\mbox{M}}}\,\)

Ground truth and model predicted weather parameters at time step t, and climatological mean computed using ERA reanalysis data between 1993 and 2016.

Z, R, T, U, V, TP, MSL

They represent geopotential, relative humidity, temperature, u component of wind, v component of wind, 6-hourly total precipitation, and mean sea-level pressure, respectively.