Fig. 2: Enhanced connection between the VM and various climate indices.
From: Enhanced North Pacific Victoria mode in a warming climate
a The 23-year running correlation coefficients between the DJFMAM VM index and simultaneous northeast Pacific MHW intensity index for the period 1982–2021. b As in a, but for the JJA0 (where “0” refers to the current year) ITCZ precipitation index for the period 1979–2021. c As in a, but for the reverse simultaneous eastern North America (NA) SAT index for the period 1948–2021. d As in a, but for the JJA0 Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE) SSS index for the period 1940–2020. e As in a, but for the MJJAS0 western North Pacific (WNP) TC frequency index for the period 1949–2021. f As in a, but for the D0JFMAM1 (where “1” refers to the following year) South China (SC) rainfall index for the period 1948–2021. The horizontal dashed lines indicate the 95% significance level for the running correlations. Linear fits are displayed from the regression. All linear trends are significant at a 99% confidence level. The shaded areas indicate the two-sided 95% confidence levels of the slopes. Letters in the map on the upper left of the panel show the location of the various climate indices.
