Fig. 5: Interactions between northward Shift in the 30-year mean of Asia-Pacific jet core and increased upper-level geopotential height over western North America.

a–c Joint plot of the northern part of the subtropical jet core (U200) and 200-hPa geopotential height eddy anomaly (ZE200) during the two periods: T1 (blue) and TF (red). The data is derived from CESM1-LE 40 members (a), XAER (b), and XGHG 20 members (c). Two-dimensional Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) is depicted within the box. The mean values of each distribution are represented by blue and red dots, with the change of the mean value indicated by black arrows.