Fig. 1: Geological and oceanographic setting.
From: Late Pleistocene island weathering and precipitation in the Western Pacific Warm Pool
a Map of regional outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), showing intense convection over the Indo-Pacific region (green shading) linked to the circulation of the Walker and Hadley cells (shown schematically). The mean OLR data are from 1991 to 2020: https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.olrcdr.interp.html. The black box indicates the map area for panel (b), and the red star indicates the location of core MD01-2385. b Lithological map showing core locations and clay mineral data (where available) for cores MD01-2385 (this study), MD10-334084, MD01-238671, GeoB17426-327, KX cores39, and cores from the northern and southern Gulf of Papua (GoP)85,86. Black dotted arrows = New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCUC), white arrows = Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), and white circle = Halmahera Eddy. Inset panel shows the topography along the southwest to northeast transect marked by the blue line. Sources for the lithological data: https://www.noaa.gov/organisation/information-technology/noaa-geoplatform and the elevation data: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/grid-extract/. c Map of small mountain rivers that supply sediments to core MD01-2385. The black box represents the area of the precipitation simulation data (1.855°N-1.855°S, 131.25°–135°E). d Seafloor bathymetry near core MD01-2385.
