Fig. 7: The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) states associated with the dominant modes of sea level in SPEAR reanalysis (1958–2022), and the power spectrum of sea level timeseries.

a Regression of the Atlantic streamfunction (Sv) against the first principal component (PC1) of North Atlantic (NA) sea level (Fig. 6b) in reanalysis. b Same as (a) but for the streamfunction regression against the PC2 of NA sea level (Fig. 6d). c Power spectrum of the normalized timeseries of PC3 of the NA sea level in reanalysis (Fig. 6f). d Power spectrum of the normalized detrended sea level timeseries at the U.S. Southeast coast (USSEC) Tide Gauge stations (Fig. 6g).