Fig. 1: The 2022 summer (June–July–August) Tmax and rainfall anomalies relative to the 1981–2010 climatology.

Evolution of (a) the Tmax and c the 5-day running-mean rainfall averaged over the YRV (26°–33° N, 102°–123° E) during the 2022 summer (black line). b The observed Tmax anomalies (unit, °C) and d accumulated rainfall anomalies (unit, mm) averaged between August 2 and August 25. The red line indicated the threshold of the Tmax and rainfall in (a, c), and the dashed line represented 35 °C in (a). Stippling indicates exceeding one standard deviation.