Fig. 1: Topography, population, and WBGT in Southern Himalayas.

a Southern Himalayas domain (shaded by elevation in units of meters) that includes 1: Afghanistan, 2: Pakistan; 3: India, 4: Nepal, 5: Bhutan, 6: Bangladesh, 7: Myanmar and (b) population (unit: 106 individuals) of the Southern Himalayas. Averaged (c) minimum, (d) maximum, and (e) mean summer WBGT from 1979 to 2022 (unit: °C).