Fig. 4: Violin plots of the GPP and EVI anomalies during 2010 and 2023 extreme events.

The frequency distribution of GPP (a–e) and EVI (f–j) anomalies from March to July in 2010 and 2023. The anomalies are relative to the climatology of 2001–2022. White dots indicate the median values, with gray boxes and thin gray lines indicative of the interquartile range and interdecile range, respectively.