Fig. 7: Schematic of the linkage between equatorial excessive light rain and dry bias over northern India.
From: Excessive equatorial light rain causes modeling dry bias of Indian summer monsoon rainfall

The regions outlined by black solid line are the equatorial India Ocean (EIO) and northern India (NI). The arrows in blue denote the Somali jet with abundant moisture. The arrows in red and black dotted line represent the anomalous wind induced by excessive equatorial light rain in U60 km relative to U3 km. The red ‘+’ also represents stronger latent heating (LH) in U60 km.The doughnut charts show the precipitation frequency (PF, %) counted over the EIO in CMORPH (upper) and U60 km (bottom), respectively.