Table 1 Experimental design of the hindcast and associated sensitivity experiments for June in the three typical years of 2022, 1995, and 1983. Each experiment contains 48 ensemble members with the time lag method employed for initialization and is integrated for 30 days from 00Z 1 June

From: Role of thermal and dynamical subdaily perturbations over the Tibetan Plateau in 30-day extended-range forecast of East Asian precipitation in early summer

Experiment name

initialization

Nudging options: T

Nudging options: U and V

Nudging options: TS

2022_ALL

1995_ALL

1983_ALL

2022 (1 June)

1995 (1 June)

1983 (1 June)

Global

Global

Global

2022_NO

1995_NO

1983_NO

2022 (1 June)

1995 (1 June)

1983 (1 June)

No nudging

No nudging

No nudging

2022_SST

1995_SST

1983_SST

2022 (1 June)

1995 (1 June)

1983 (1 June)

No nudging

No nudging

Global SST

2022_TP_TUV

1995_TP_TUV

1983_TP_TUV

2022 (1 June)

1995 (1 June)

1983 (1st Jun)

TP region where the topography is above 3000 m

TP region where the topography is above 3000 m

TP region where the topography is above 3000 m

2022_TP_TA

1995_TP_TA

1983_TP_TA

2022 (1 June)

1995 (1 June)

1983 (1 June)

TP region where the topography is above 3000 m

No nudging

TP region where the topography is above 3000 m

2022_TP_UV

1995_TP_UV

1983_TP_UV

2022 (1 June)

1995 (1 June)

1983 (1 June)

No nudging

TP region where the topography is above 3000 m

No nudging

  1. The nudged datasets are 6-h ERA5 variables.