Fig. 2: The SIA concentrations over eastern China and contribution of agricultural and combustion NOx emissions.

a–e Spatial distribution of SIA concentrations over eastern China simulated by GEOS-Chem averaged over the crop-growing season (May-August) in 2019 (a) and under SSP2-45 and SSP1-26 emission scenarios for 2040 and 2060 (b–e). f–j The corresponding contribution of agricultural NOx emissions (ENOx_agri) and combustion NOx emissions (ENOx_comb) to SIA concentrations over East China (EC, red) and North China Plain (NCP, yellow). The bar plots show the median values, and the error bars show the ranges.