Fig. 7: Pan-Arctic Brier Score (BS) for daily SIC predictions for the hindcast period 2004–2023.

BS scores for the Control (blue line; average BS: 0.07), SIC-only (orange line; average BS: 0.06), SIC-SIT (red line; average BS: 0.05) experiments, and persistence (black line). Shaded areas represent one standard deviation for each experiment. Dashed vertical lines mark key dates: August 19th, August 25th, September 1st, September 24th, and September 26th.