Fig. 5: Changes to ozone and ozone-loss cycles from rocket-emitted gas-phase species.

a Percent difference in annual-mean ozone concentration in the GAS simulation relative to the REF simulation. Stippling indicates where the difference is not statistically significant (95% confidence interval). Anomalies in annual-mean rates of ozone loss cycles in the GAS simulation relative to the REF simulation for b 60–90°S; c 60°N–60°S; d 60–90°N. Thick lines indicate where the difference is statistically significant (95% confidence interval).