Table 1 Annual stratospheric emission products from rocket launches in modelled scenarios

From: Near-future rocket launches could slow ozone recovery

Simulation

Launch rate

NOx

Clx

H2O

Black carbon

Alumina

 

cadence

(Gg/yr)

(Gg/yr)

(Gg/yr)

(Gg/yr)

(Gg/yr)

Reference (REF)

n/a

0

0

0

0

0

Conservative growth

All forcings

weekly

1.35

4.05

41.93

1.70

1.16a

Ambitious growth

Gas phase products only (GAS)

72 h

3.38

10.13

104.82

0

0

Black carbon only (BC)

72 h

0

0

0

4.25

0

Alumina only (Al2O3)

72 h

0

0

0

0

18.32

All forcings (ALL)

72 h

3.38

10.13

104.82

4.25

2.91a

  1. aScaled to represent the assumed fraction of sub-micron alumina which persists for longer in the stratosphere (discussed in the “Methods” and ref. 30).