Table 1 List of acronyms and symbols used in the main text
From: Improved estimates of future precipitation change in climate models
Symbol or acronym | Definition |
|---|---|
\({p(t),{p}}_{i}(t)\) | Precipitation in year t, precipitation in year t during Period \(i\), and i indicates the year (=1 or 2) |
\({P}_{1}\), \({P}_{2}\) | Precipitation averaged over Periods 1 and 2, respectively |
\({P}_{1}^{j}\), \({P}_{2}^{j}\); \(j=1,\,\mathrm{2,3}\,,\,...,\,{N}_{m}\) | Precipitation averaged over Periods 1 and 2, respectively, in the model or simulation \(j=1,\,2,\,3,\,...,\,{N}_{m}\) |
\({\mu }_{j}\) | Population mean precipitation in the Period \(j\) |
\(\% \varDelta P\) | \(=100({\mu }_{2}-{\mu }_{1})/{\mu }_{1}\), the percentage change in population mean precipitation, from Period 1 to Period 2 |
\(\% \varDelta {P}^{j}\) | \(=100({P}_{2}^{j}-{P}_{1}^{j})/{P}_{1}^{j}\), the standard estimate of the percentage change in the model or simulation \(j\) |
\(\% \overline{\Delta {P}\,^{j}}\) | \(=\frac{1}{{N}_{m}}{\sum }_{j=1}^{{N}_{m}}\{ \% \varDelta {P}^{j}\}\), the standard estimate of the percentage change in a model with \({N}_{m}\) runs, or an ensemble of \({N}_{m}\) models consisting of one run per model |
\(m\) | The number of years in the reference period (i.e., Period 1) |
EFC | externally forced change |
E(X) | The Expectation Value of X |
EM; MMEM; MMM | Ensemble mean; multi-model ensemble mean; multi-model mean |
CoV; \({{{\rm {CoV}}}}_{i}\) | Coefficient of variation = \(\sigma /\mu\), where \(\sigma\) is the standard deviation and \(\mu\) is the population mean; CoV in Period i |
\(D\) | \(= \% \overline{\Delta {P}\,^{j}}- \% \varDelta P\), the difference between the standard estimate and the population mean, i.e., the error in the standard estimate |
\({D}_{0}\) | The value of \(D\) in the case where the EFC = 0 |
