Fig. 4: Influence of different sources on the changes in evaporation contribution to precipitation (E2P).

a For the ACR. b For the SBR. From top to bottom, the panels show the changes in moisture contribution from 1982 to 2018 from the following sources: (1) the arc of deforestation (‘Deforestation’) and the rest of the South American continent (‘Other land’), (2) the soybean croplands (ACR or SBR, ‘local land’) and the terrestrial areas outside these regions (‘Upwind land’), and (3) the oceanic source region. The delineation of the different sources can be found in (c). In a, b the blue colour indicates the contribution of the evaporation, and the red colour indicates the contribution of the atmospheric conditions (β, including atmospheric circulation and precipitation efficiency) to the E2P changes. The brown colour denotes uncertainties in the decomposition of the trend (‘Residual’). The diamonds indicate the total change, i.e. the sum of the two components (evaporation and β) and the residual term.