Fig. 1: Relationship between ALTFEM-estimated taxi time and aircraft numbers at representative airports.

a In typical hours, a functional relationship exists between the taxi in-time and Ns for the Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG). b The correlation of \(\Delta T\) and \({T}_{0}\) with annual average hourly aircraft numbers (N) during taxi-in. c The ALTFEM-estimated annual average hourly taxi in- and out-time and corresponding weighted average Ns for the Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) and PVG and a comparison with the ICAO-referenced values.