Fig. 3: Static stability and updraft velocity over the sea and land.

Time‒height cross section of difference in stability (\(\frac{\partial \theta }{\partial z}\), K km⁻¹) between the high- and low-aerosol runs, averaged over (a) sea and (b) land in the domain of Fig. 1a. Note that \(\theta\) indicates potential temperature and \(z\) is altitude. The abscissa indicates LST. The ordinate represents pressure (hPa). Vertical profile of the difference in static stability (\(\frac{\partial \theta }{\partial z}\), K km⁻¹) between the high-and low-aerosol runs, averaged over (c) sea and (d) land. e, f, Vertical profile of the difference in updraft velocity (m s⁻¹) between the high-and low-aerosol runs, averaged over (e) sea and (f) land.